The Bat

Nicknamed Guimbo in Creole, the Frugivorous Bat Artibeus jamaicensis Is one of the first animals that visitors encounter at the beginning of the Martinique Zoo Tour. Often misperceived because of its singular appearance, it nevertheless plays a major ecological role in Caribbean island ecosystems. Its large, mobile ears and characteristic snout allow it to use a sophisticated location system: echolocation. By emitting ultrasound that bounces off the elements of its environment, it obtains a precise “sound map” showing it the position of obstacles, ripe fruits or possible danger, all in total darkness.

This species belongs to the Phyllostomidae family, a very diverse group of tropical American bats. In Martinique, as in many Caribbean islands, Guimbo has humid forests, wooded areas as well as some caves. It also settles in dense vegetation where it finds food and shelter. Its presence is precious for the flora of Martinique: by feeding on local fruits, it disseminates seeds over long distances, thus promoting the natural regeneration of forests, especially in areas affected by cyclones.

Modest in size — about 7 to 9 cm for 40 to 60 g — Artibeus jamaicensis Is equipped for life in the air. It mainly consumes fruits such as guava, fig, mango or some more discreet native species. Its extremely fast digestive system allows it to process the pulp in just a few minutes, an asset in maintaining a light and efficient flight.

Classified as Least Concern (LC) by the IUCN, the species is now considered stable. However, it remains vulnerable to the disappearance of forest habitats, increasing nocturnal lighting and human beings. Martinique's protected natural areas, as well as public awareness, contribute to its long-term maintenance.

At the Martinique Zoo, the Guimbo illustrates the importance of local fauna and its essential role in the balance of tropical environments. It also makes it possible to discuss the fascinating functioning of echolocation and the diversity of flying mammals present in the Caribbean.

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